Western Union County, Pennsylvania's Mifflinburg Area School District is a tiny, rural public school district. It serves Mifflinburg Borough, Buffalo Township, New Berlin, Limestone Township, West Buffalo Township, Lewis Township, Hartleton, and Hartley Township in addition to being centered on the borough. In total, the Mifflinburg Area School District covers around 217 square miles. There is a sizable Amish community in the area, although they only finish the eighth grade. Instead of the neighborhood public schools, the majority of Amish students attend private schools run by the Amish community. The district is one of Pennsylvania's 500 public school districts and one of four full or partially functioning public school districts in Union County.

Mifflinburg Area Elementary School, Mifflinburg Area Intermediate School, Mifflinburg Area Middle School, and Mifflinburg Area High School are all part of the Mifflinburg Area School District and are all situated primarily in the borough of Mifflinburg with a small portion in the Buffalo and West Buffalo Townships.